Mali and Niger are tightening regulations on Chinese companies operating in their mining and oil industries, citing violations of local laws and practices that undermine national interests. Both countries, now under military-led governments, are asserting greater control over their natural resources.
Malian authorities have ordered an immediate halt to illegal mining operations involving Chinese nationals. On March 25, Prime Minister General Abdoulaye Maiga summoned Chinese Ambassador Chen Zhihong to discuss mining activities between 2021 and 2025, emphasizing their environmental and social consequences. The move follows a tragic mining accident on February 17 that claimed 48 lives, exposing the dangers of unregulated extraction.
Mali has suspended artisanal mining permits for foreigners and is pushing for stricter adherence to national laws. The government has also proposed a coordination mechanism with the Chinese embassy to address compliance issues and prevent future violations.
In Niger, authorities are taking a firm stance against the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), accusing it of neglecting local content regulations and favoring foreign labor. The government has introduced new policies mandating standardized salary scales, prioritizing local employment in key positions, and revising subcontracting contracts to benefit Nigerien companies.
On March 6, Niger also revoked the license of the Chinese-owned Soluxe International Hotel in a move signaling broader economic reforms. These measures align with Ordinance No. 2024-34, aimed at restructuring foreign investments in the country.
These regulatory actions reflect a broader trend among Sahelian nations asserting economic sovereignty following military coups—Mali’s in August 2020 and Niger’s in July 2023. The new authorities seek to maximize national benefits from resource exploitation, reduce dependency on foreign companies, and address public concerns over exploitative business practices.
Historically, China has played a dominant economic role in the Sahel. However, with these changes, Beijing may need to adapt its strategy to maintain its influence. Ambassador Chen Zhihong has already proposed a coordination mechanism in Mali, and similar diplomatic efforts could follow in Niger. However, renegotiating cooperation terms is likely to be complex, as both countries push for a more balanced economic relationship.
