Mining continues to play a pivotal role in the economic landscape of Africa, with the continent sitting atop some of the world’s richest mineral resources—from Nigeria’s gold reserves to cobalt deposits fueling the global energy transition. Yet, this wealth comes with a profound responsibility—not only to safeguard the environment but also to protect the communities that live near mining sites.
Over the years, the conversation surrounding responsible and sustainable mining has gained traction. However, in practice, many mining operations, particularly in emerging economies, are still linked to environmental harm, displacement of communities, and lack of transparent governance. It’s crucial, therefore, to spotlight the mines that are charting a new, more responsible path, so their practices can serve as a model for the broader industry.
In Osun State, Nigeria, Segilola Resources Operating Limited (SROL) provides a noteworthy example. Operating the country’s first large-scale gold mine, Segilola has balanced advanced extraction methods with a commitment to minimizing its environmental and social impact. The mine has integrated compressed natural gas (CNG) generators as its primary power source, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25%. Seven 1.2 MW CNG generators power the processing plant, with five operational and two standby units. Although diesel generators are used for construction and as backup, CNG remains the main energy source, aligning with SROL’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategy.
While such innovations are not yet widespread across Africa’s mining sector, they are gaining momentum. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Kamoa-Kakula copper project has garnered attention not only for its resource potential but also for its relatively low carbon emissions compared to other large copper operations. The joint venture, including Canadian company Ivanhoe Mines, has incorporated hydropower into its energy mix, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Similarly, Newmont’s Ahafo mine in Ghana has heavily invested in environmental monitoring and community engagement. It funds independent environmental assessments, supports sustainable agriculture in local communities, and has established grievance mechanisms to ensure local concerns are addressed.
What links these cases is not perfection but intentionality—a conscious effort to establish mining practices that prioritize long-term sustainability, not just short-term profits. For example, rather than relying solely on reactive environmental measures, Segilola proactively waters haulage routes and uses molasses to bind loose soil and reduce airborne dust. This simple yet effective solution reflects a thoughtful approach to minimizing environmental impact.
As global demand for critical minerals continues to rise, there is immense pressure to exploit these resources quickly and cheaply. However, this moment also offers a unique opportunity: to create a mining ethos that is both efficient and responsible—profitable without being exploitative. Companies like Segilola Resources, Kamoa-Kakula, and Newmont demonstrate that when operations are guided by sustainability and fairness, they can thrive while respecting both people and the planet.
While the materials extracted from the earth will always be important, the methods of extraction—and the kind of industry we build in the process—are just as crucial.
