The WHO estimates that artisanal mining activities in Nigeria put about 1.5 million people at risk of mercury exposure. According to ILO estimates, there are 2.3 million occupational deaths worldwide each year, with mining being one of the riskiest industries. According to a NEITI (Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative) report, over 36% of Nigerian miners operate in dangerous environments without the required safety equipment.
Health Consequences for Miners
Workers in mining operations are subject to numerous health dangers. Important effects on health include:
- Exposure to Toxic Substances: When extracting gold, miners are frequently in contact with dangerous substances like cyanide and mercury. Classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), mercury considered a neurotoxic, with significant health hazards that include neurological conditions and problems with a child’s development.
- Respiratory Problems: Prolonged respiratory illnesses can result from breathing in dust and other particle matter in mining sites. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) states that continuous exposure to silica dust increases the risk of pneumoconiosis and silicosis in miners. According to a study, low working conditions are the cause of respiratory illnesses that affect more than 50% of Nigerian miners.
- Mishaps and Damage: The nature of mining is intrinsically hazardous. Accidents occur frequently as a result of inadequate safety equipment and procedures. Over 1,000 mining incidents happened between 2010 and 2020, according to the Nigerian Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, with many fatalities and injuries as a result. These mishaps frequently result from a lack of appropriate safety precautions and training.
- Mental Health Issues: Miners may experience mental health issues as a result of the psychological toll that working in hazardous situations takes. Because of the risks involved in mining and the instability of employment, high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are prevalent. According to a survey done in 2021, 30% of miners said their jobs caused serious mental health problems.
In Nigeria, mining has significant and varied health effects. The industry could greatly boost economic growth, but it is important to recognise the health concerns that miners face. A coordinated effort by the government, mining firms, and local communities is needed to address these issues. Enforcing strict safety laws, offering appropriate instruction, and making sure there is access to healthcare are essential steps toward safeguarding the health of miners.